前言
ylf写于2003年6月
写本文的初衷主要是记录下我一段时间学习使用FreeBSD建设网站平台的一些经验和体会。因为本人是菜鸟,所以很多地方不够完善。本文权当给初学者提供一个具体可操作的实例。所有操作步骤都是我边做边写。避免出现遗漏或一些不必要的小错误,给初学者带来麻烦。
本网站平台建设全过程包括FreeBSD系统的安装,web、ftp、mail、proxy服务器、视频点播服务器等。所有过程都在FreeBSD4.7环境下测试通过。
由于写本文时参考了网上太多前辈和大侠的资料,无法一一列举。还请作者原谅。
本连载文章前后关联很紧密,建议初学者一步一步来做。
试验环境如下:
硬件环境:普通pc机,双网卡。配制不需要高,主要是稳定,并能适应长时间开机。听前辈介绍AMD k6的cpu运行FreeBSD好像有点问题。不过我没有试验。建议用intel的。
软件环境:操作系统:FreeBSD4.7(4.8)
web服务器:Apache 1.3.27+modssl +mod_php4+mod_gzip+mod_fastcgi +mod_perl +mysql3.23
ftp服务器:Proftpd1.2.7+proftpd-mod-quotatab-1.2.4+mysql
mail服务器: iceblood前辈制作的qmail安装包(经过修改)+vqregister-2.5
proxy服务器:使用FreeBSD内置的NAT和PPP拨号+squid
视频点播服务器:Helix Universal Servevr (realserver9.01)
网络环境:我用的是adsl动态拨号方式,因为动态ip所存在的一些问题,我把所有的服务都装在一台机器上,且这台机器要直接与外网相连。静态ip更方便一些。(本文两种方式都会讨论)
第一步:安装系统
关于安装过程网上有很多文章,这里不作详述。仅提出几点建议供大家参考:
1、 采用最小化安装。
2、 安装时启用inetd,并在编辑inetd.conf文件时,把带有“ftp”的行前面的“#”号去掉。这样作是为了以后安装软件时可以用ftp上传文件。
3、添加一个wheel组的用户,这样在系统工作正常后可以在windows系统上通过终端登录软件(如SecureCRT)进行所有操作。 FreeBSD4.7在最小安装时支持SSH终端登录,所以我们需要使用支持SSH协议的终端软件,如SecureCRT。例如我添加的用户名是ylf,隶属wheel系统组。系统产生一个用户目录/home/ylf。我可以通过SecureCRT以ylf身份登录到系统,然后通过su命令切换到root 用户。同时我也可以在IE浏览器内键入) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ./LINT configuration file. If you are
# in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first in LINT.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.246.2.48 2002/08/31 20:28:26 obrien Exp $
machine i386
cpu I586_CPU
cpu I686_CPU
ident kernel_wwwx #内核文件名,这个要和你的内核文件名一致
maxusers 0
options INET #InterNETworking
options FFS #Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options FFS_ROOT #FFS usable as root device [keep this!]
options SOFTUPDATES #Enable FFS soft updates support
options UFS_DIRHASH #Improve performance on big directories
options PROCFS #Process filesystem
options COMPAT_43 #Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
options SCSI_DELAY=15000 #Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
options SYSVSHM #SYSV-style shared memory
options SYSVMSG #SYSV-style message queues
options SYSVSEM #SYSV-style semaphores
options P1003_1B #Posix P1003_1B real-time extensions
options _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
options ICMP_BANDLIM #Rate limit bad replies
options AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~128k to driver.
options AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
# output. Adds ~215k to driver.
device tun 1
options IPFIREWALL #防火墙
options IPFIREWALL_FORWARD #允许透明代理
options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE #允许防火墙日志
options IPFIREWALL_VERBOSE_LIMIT=100 #限制日志
options IPFIREWALL_DEFAULT_TO_ACCEPT #默认允许所有IP包
options IPDIVERT #启用由ipfw divert使用的转向IP套接字
# To make an SMP kernel, the next two are needed
#options SMP # Symmetric MultiProcessor Kernel
#options APIC_IO # Symmetric (APIC) I/O
device isa
device eisa
device pci
# ATA and ATAPI devices
device ata
device atadisk # ATA disk drives
# SCSI Controllers #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
device ahb # EISA AHA1742 family
device ahc # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
device ahd # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
device amd # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
device isp # Qlogic family
device mpt # LSI-Logic MPT/Fusion
device ncr # NCR/Symbios Logic
device sym # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets)
options SYM_SETUP_LP_PROBE_MAP=0x40
# Allow ncr to attach legacy NCR devices when
# both sym and ncr are configured
device adv0 at isa?
device adw
device bt0 at isa?
device aha0 at isa?
device aic0 at isa?
device ncv # NCR 53C500
device nsp # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
device stg # TMC 18C30/18C50
# SCSI peripherals #没有SCSI设备不需要这段
device scbus # SCSI bus (required)
device da # Direct Access (disks)
device sa # Sequential Access (tape etc)
device cd # CD
device pass # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device atkbdc0 at isa? port IO_KBD
device atkbd0 at atkbdc? irq 1 flags 0x1
device vga0 at isa?
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device sc0 at isa? flags 0x100
# Floating point support - do not disable.
device npx0 at nexus? port IO_NPX irq 13
# Serial (COM) ports
device sio0 at isa? port IO_COM1 flags 0x10 irq 4
# 我用的是8139和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,大家可根据自己的网卡型号保留或删除
# 使用公共的MII总线控制器代码的PCI以太网适配器
# 注意:一定要保留'device miibus'以确保可用
# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device miibus # MII bus support
device fxp # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 8255
device rl # RealTek 8129/8139
device vr # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
device xl # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
# Pseudo devices - the number indicates how many units to allocate.
pseudo-device loop # Network loopback
pseudo-device ether # Ethernet support
pseudo-device sl 1 # Kernel SLIP
pseudo-device ppp 1 # Kernel PPP
pseudo-device tun # Packet tunnel.
pseudo-device pty # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
pseudo-device md # Memory "disks"
pseudo-device gif # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
pseudo-device faith 1 # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
# The `bpf' pseudo-device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
pseudo-device bpf #Berkeley packet filter
(完)
我用的是8139网卡和Dlink DFE-530TX网卡,如果你用其他型号的网卡,需要察看当前目录的GENERIC 内核文件,找到描述自己的网卡型号的段并将其添加到新的内核文件里。其他的不改直接拷贝过来就可以用了。
接下来编译安装新内核:
# /usr/sbin/config kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
# cd ../../compile/kernel_wwwx
# make depend
# make
# make install
重新启动(reboot)
如果系统升级过源代码树,按下面方法编译内核:
# cd /usr/src
# make kernel KERNCONF=kernel_wwwx #kernel_wwwx为你的内核文件名
重新启动