1. Don’t use exceptions where more local control structures will suffice; 当局部的控制能够处理时,不要使用异常;
2. Use the "resource allocation is initialization" technique to manage resources; 使用“资源分配即初始化”技术去管理资源;
3. Minimize the use of try-blocks. Use "resource acquisition is initialization" instead of explicit handler code; 尽量少用try-catch语句块,而是使用“资源分配即初始化”技术。
4. Throw an exception to indicate failure in a constructor; 如果构造函数内发生错误,通过抛出异常来指明。
5. Avoid throwing exceptions from destructors; 避免在析构函数中抛出异常。
6. Keep ordinary code and error-handling code separate; 保持普通程序代码和异常处理代码分开。
7. Beware of memory leaks caused by memory allocated by new not being released in case of an exception; 小心通过new分配的内存在发生异常时,可能造成内存泄露。
8. Assume that every exception that can be thrown by a function will be thrown; 如果一个函数可能抛出某种异常,那么我们调用它时,就要假定它一定会抛出该异常,即要进行处理。
9. Don't assume that every exception is derived from class exception; 要记住,不是所有的异常都继承自exception类。
10. A library shouldn't unilaterally terminate a program. Instead, throw an exception and let a caller decide; 编写的供别人调用的程序库,不应该结束程序,而应该通过抛出异常,让调用者决定如何处理(因为调用者必须要处理抛出的异常)。
11. Develop an error-handling strategy early in a design; 若开发一个项目,那么在设计阶段就要确定“错误处理的策略”。